DARC PLC Statement
Paul L Rinaldo
prinaldo@mindspring.com
Wed, 11 Apr 2001 11:19:01 -0400
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Gang,
Those of you who are interested in power line communications unfolding in
Europe may wish to mouse:
http://www.darc.de/referate/ausland/download/darc-plc-paper.html
73, Paul, W4RI
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<body lang=3DDE style=3D'tab-interval:35.4pt;text-justify-trim:punctuation'>
<div class=3DSection1>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span=
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'>03.10.2000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dright style=3D'text-align:right'><span=
style=3D'font-size:
10.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'><b><u><span
style=3D'font-size:14.0pt'>To all=
radioamateurs<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RTA
and DARC e.V. present this document as a contribution to inform the amateur
radio community on the issue of PLC and as discussion material to be used in
public relations efforts. Latest developments are taken into=
account.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
paper is a common effort of DF7VX, DJ6AN, DJ1ZB, Mrs Volmer, DL2CH, DJ8CY,
DF5DP, DF4JI, DL9MH and DF9IC and of the member societies of the=
RTA.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Translation
by ON4WF.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1>PLC =96 not recommended</h1>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>1.
PLC =96 How it works<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>PLC
(PLT) is the acronym for Power Line (Tele) Communication. Intended is to
implement<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">=A0 </span>telephony and high=
rate
Internet datatransmission on the existing 230 V (50 Hz) power grid in the=
users
home, as well as Data, Audio and Video transmission from outlet to outlet
inside a building or dwelling place (domotics). The datatransmission occurs
broadband on radio frequencies up to 30 MHz. Not intended for the=
transmission
of radiowaves on frequencies up to 30 MHz, the mains act as radiating=
antennas.
PLC operators are (or will be) subject to radiation limits. Legal reference=
is
the not yet enforced NB 30 frequency management norm. Most PLC systems will=
not
be up to these constraints and consequently exceed the=
limits.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>It
has to be noted, that several existing appliances such as<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">=A0 </span>babyphones, garagedoor openers and=
heating
controls are also mains channelled PLC applications. Using very low=
frequencies
instead of high frequencies, these applications are free from undermentioned
shortcomings and appropriate for domestic use. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>2.
PLC disturbs short wave radio services<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>PLC
short wave frequencies have since long been allocated to various radio=
services
such as broadcasting, air and maritime communications, fixed and mobile=
radio
services, military, security services, radioastronomy, etc. not to forget=
the
amateur radio service. Even with radiation limited to the NB30 norm, short=
wave
reception is considerably disturbed because the receiving antennas cannot be
set up far enough from the mains. Medium waves broadcasting and other
frequencies can also be disturbed. These disturbances can endanger the very
existence of some radio services, such as short wave broadcasting and the
worldwide amateur radio service.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>3.
Short wave radio disturbs PLC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Widely
distributed power lines, acting as antennas, not only produce strong=
disturbing
radiation but also collect all kinds of high frequency signals, resulting in
high noise levels on the mains. Regulations provide no legal protection of=
PLC
against disturbances. High noise levels can considerably lower the datarate=
and
even disrupt transmission, preventing the service provider to furnish the
garanteed datarate. PLC's immunity from disturbances is determined by the
degree of protection built in the system itself. High immunity calls for a
corresponding degree of protection measures, detrimental to the effective
transmission capacity (datarate).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>4.
PLC can disturb other electronic devices<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Since
PLC signals, travelling on the power mains (230V - 50 Hz), directly access=
all
mains fed devices, it is likely that a multitude of electronic devices will
suffer interference, in particular entertainment and medical equipment in
hospitals and consulting rooms. Most such devices have no special protection
against PLC signals and are exposed to disturbance. In critical locations,=
such
as intensive care services, human lives can be endangered. For safety's=
sake,
each device will then need appropriate and expensive protection=
measures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>5.
PLC is unsure<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>A
paper on PLC, published by the society for science and technology of the=
Dresden<span
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">=A0 </span>Technical University, concludes that=
PLC
efficiency suffers from the mains =93impedance unstability=94 resulting from
totally uncontrolable consumer on- and off-switching.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>6.
Right now, PLC is an outdated system<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Electronic
devices and modulation systems used for PLC draw on the latest technical
developments in order to assure proper datatransmission on since long=
heavily
polluted power wires. Compared to alternative techniques, the PLC
datatransmission system, with a datarate limited to some 2 MB/second, does=
not
even match ADSL (datatransmission on telephone wires at 8 MB/second)=
commonly
presented to the general public. Amateur radio operators consider cable TV
datatransmission a valuable alternative. ADSL also, provided that nearby
amateur radio frequencies are protected by adequate filtering. These amateur
radio reserves do not in any case extend to future alternative solutions=
such
as fiberglas cable, microwave systems for small cells or the oncoming UMTS
mobile system. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>7.
PLC is exposed to eavesdropping and malicious=
jamming<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Like
all radio signals, PLC can be intercepted and copied by anybody in the home=
or
building. Therefore providers will take steps to secure PLC transmissions.
Protection efficiency will depend upon securing measures, which ordinary end
users cannot control. Users have no means to evaluate risks and cannot=
decide
when to protect themselves. Since no connection is needed, eavesdropping is
easy. Considering the expected numbers of users, illegal copying will rise=
to
unheard of summits, and the forseeable lack of data security is extremely=
high.
Since radio transmissions are exposed to interference, a user terminal can
easily be disturbed by a nearby jammer, even with low power.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>8.
PLC interference breaks the freedom of information<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>PLC
can totally disrupt short wave broadcast reception cherished by our foreign
fellow-citizens, as well as medium wave broadcasting and other radio=
services,
such as the international Amateur Radio service. This is an infringement of
Article 10 of the<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">=A0 </span>European=
Convention
on Human Rights (fundamental right to active and passive freedom of
information) since access to not otherwise accessible information is denied.=
On
the other hand, practically all information and services offered by PLC are
accessible through other and at least equally valuable or better techniques.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>9.
PLC raises completely new legal issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Problems
related to the delivery of data by power companies to end users at the limit=
of
the property or at the power outlet in house (as well as the technical and
legal liability for the PLC connection and for the content of the PLC
exchange), refusal of citizens to accept the presence of PLC data on their
property, endangered freedom of information and lack of data safety as well=
as
questions about the applicable legislation on electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) in case of interference, raise legal issues and endanger good
neighbourhood.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>10.
PLC is not economically justified<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Compared
to other data transmission systems, PLC is a waste of economical resources.=
In
the United Kingdom, the promotors of PLC withdraw soon after some initial
enthousiasm. Taking into account the cost and the return ratio of PLC, it is
forseeable that market mechanisms, once coverage becomes widespread, will
confirm likely negative results. The limited range of PLC restricts the
implementation to densely populated areas, where a multitude of users have=
to
share a limited bandwidth. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>11.
PLC's efficiency does not meet the growing need of quick=
datatransmission<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>In distributed workplaces, professional computers
nowadays show datatransmission rates of 100 Mbit/s. Industry prepares a norm
based on 10 Gbit/s. Professionals agree that datatransmission to PC=
terminals
follows the law of Moore, stating a two-fold increase of processing speed=
every
15 to 18 months. Personal computers of individual users will benefit of this
technical development. Evidently, the projected PLC datarates of some 2=
Mbit/s
from provider to user will be outdated once widely spread. Shareholders of=
PLC
promoting concerns should be aware of this when making decisions on the=
stock
exchange. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>12.
Opposition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Opponents
expressed their concern in a public hearing on frequency management=
presented
by the german regulatory authority, more precisely about the norm NB 30.
Significant is the negative position taken up by representatives of safety
services, military, broadcasting, internationally renown manufacturers of=
short
wave equipment and audio and HF measuring instruments, other radio services=
and
short wave users such as radioastronomy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>13.
Their experimental service threatened to death, the radio amateurs strongly
oppose PLC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoBodyTextIndent><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>Using very sensitive receivers=
for
their experimental service, radio amateurs are especially concerned. In an
official hearing of the german ministry of trade, they firmly expressed=
their
opposition to PLC. Amateur radio operators have observed pilot projects,
measured and made available the interfering signals. The DARC has=
participated
as observer to tests performed by the spectrum surveillance service. Radio
amateurs have taken part in press conferences of future PLC providers and=
their
questions have given rise to considerable uncertainty. Radio amateurs,
primarily concerned, have produced press releases against PLC, participated=
to TV
programmes, given interviews to local newspapers and alerted the European=
and
the German members of Parliament. The DARC has exposed the issue to EUROCOM
(European Union workgroup of the International Amateur Radio Union) as well=
as
to the IARU conference and to the radio amateur community throughout Europe=
and
worldwide. Common action of European amateur radio societies has been
developed. Outside of Europe, progress was noted in New Zealand and in
Australia where radio amateurs showed considerable awareness and concern=
about
these critical developments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'tab-stops:35.4pt'><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Karl Erhard V=F6gele, DK9HU<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>President
DARC e.V.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span=
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if=
!supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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