Quote from the book rocketspeople volume 2

[Alex Fraser]

Severodvinsk was the base for the first missile submarine. In the early 
1950s, it was still named Molotovsk. This coastal city had all the 
necessities: a shipbuild-ing factory, a base for ground-based missile 
storage and testing, a submarine crew base, and, most importantly, an 
atmosphere that was “maximally conducive” to our work.
For the first sea tests, seven missiles equipped with the new naval 
control system were set up. The testing and launching ignition systems 
in the naval Saturn and Dolomit versions were developed jointly with us 
and NII-885 and by the naval insti-tutes MNII-1 and NII-10. Telemetry 
receiving stations were erected on the shore to monitor the flight while 
special ships conducted observation and communications.
Onboard telemetry transmission and orbital control equipment was 
installed in the nonseparating missile payload and operated on a slot 
antenna.
The first R-11FM missile launch from a Northern Fleet B-67 submarine 
built according to the V-611 design was carried out in the White Sea on 
16 September 1955, at 5:32 p.m. Korolev and Isanin personally directed 
these tests.

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It's a small world, till you try to dig a holein it.



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